The use of COVID-19 vaccines will play the major role in helping to end the pandemic that has killed millions worldwide. COVID-19 vaccines have resulted in robust humoral responses and protective efficacy in human trials, but efficacy trials excluded individuals with a prior diagnosis of COVID-19. As a result, little is known about how immune responses induced by mRNA vaccines differ in individuals who recovered from COVID-19. Here, we evaluated longitudinal immune responses to two-dose BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in 15 adults who recovered from COVID-19, compared to 21 adults who did not have prior COVID-19 diagnosis. Consistent with prior studies of mRNA vaccines, we observed robust cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses in both cohorts following the second dose. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals had progressive increases in humoral and antigen-specific antibody-secreting cell (ASC) responses following each dose of vaccine, whereas SARS-CoV-2-experienced individuals demonstrated strong humoral and antigen-specific ASC responses to the first dose but muted responses to the second dose of the vaccine at the time points studied. Together, these data highlight the relevance of immunological history for understanding vaccine immune responses and may have significant implications for personalizing mRNA vaccination regimens used to prevent COVID-19, including booster shots.
At the end of 2019 Wuhan witnessed an outbreak of “atypical pneumonia” that later developed into a global pandemic. Metagenomic sequencing rapidly revealed the causative agent of this outbreak to be a novel coronavirus - SARS- CoV-2. Herein, to provide a snapshot of the pathogens in pneumonia-associated respiratory samples from Wuhan prior to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, we collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from 408 patients presenting with pneumonia and acute respiratory infections at the Central Hospital of Wuhan between 2016 and 2017. Unbiased total RNA sequencing was performed to reveal their “total infectome”, including viruses, bacteria and fungi. Consequently, we identified 37 pathogen species, comprising 15 RNA viruses, 3 DNA viruses, 16 bacteria and 3 fungi, often at high abundance and including multiple co-infections (12.8%). However, SARS-CoV-2 was not present. These data depict a stable core infectome comprising common respiratory pathogens such as rhinoviruses and influenza viruses, an atypical respiratory virus (EV-D68), and a single case of a sporadic zoonotic pathogen - Chlamydia psittaci. Samples from patients experiencing respiratory disease on average had higher pathogen abundance than healthy controls. Phylogenetic analyses of individual pathogens revealed multiple origins and global transmission histories, highlighting the connectedness of the Wuhan population. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the pathogens associated with acute respiratory infections and pneumonia, which were more diverse and complex than obtained using targeted PCR or qPCR approaches. These data also suggest that SARS-CoV-2 or closely related viruses were absent from Wuhan in 2016-2017.
Severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections have been associated with substantial presymptomatic transmission, which occurs when the generation interval–the time between infection of an individual with a pathogen and transmission of the pathogen to another individual–is shorter than the incubation period–the time between infection and symptom onset. We collected a dataset of 257 SARS-CoV-2 transmission pairs in Japan and jointly estimated the mean generation interval (3.7-5.1 days) and mean incubation period (4.4-5.7 days) as well as measured their dependence (Kendall9s tau of 0.4-0.6), taking into consideration demographic and epidemiological characteristics of the pairs. The positive correlation between the two parameters demonstrates that reliance on isolation of symptomatic COVID-19 cases as a focal point of control efforts is insufficient to address the challenges posed by SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics. Accounting for this dependence within SARS-CoV-2 epidemic models can also improve model estimates.
Importance: Sudden smell loss is a specific early symptom of COVID-19, with an estimated prevalence of ~40% to 75%. Smell impairment affects physical and mental health, and dietary behavior. Thus, it is critical to understand the rate and time course of smell recovery. Objective: To characterize smell function and recovery up to 11 months post COVID-19 infection. Settings, Participants: This longitudinal survey of individuals suffering COVID-19-related smell loss assessed disease symptoms and gustatory and olfactory function. Participants (n=12,313) who completed an initial respiratory symptoms, chemosensory function, and COVID-19 diagnosis survey (S1) between April and September 2020 and completed a follow-up survey (S2) between September 2020 and February 2021; 27.5% participants responded (n=3,386), with 1,468 being diagnosed with COVID-19 and suffering co-occurring smell and taste loss at the beginning of their illness. Main Outcomes & Measures: Primary outcomes are ratings of smell and taste function on a visual analog scale, and self-report of parosmia (smell distortions) and phantosmia (unexplained smells). Secondary outcomes include a checklist of other COVID-19 symptoms. Results: On follow-up (median time since COVID-19 onset ~200 days), ~60% of women and ~48% of men reported less than 80% of their pre-illness smell ability. Taste typically recovered faster than smell, and taste loss rarely persisted if smell recovered. Prevalence of parosmia and phantosmia was ~10% of participants in S1 and increased substantially in S2: ~47% for parosmia and ~25% for phantosmia. Persistent smell impairment was associated with more symptoms overall, suggesting it may be a key marker of long-COVID. During COVID-19 illness, the ability to smell was slightly lower among those who did not recover their pre-illness ability to smell at S2. Conclusions and Relevance: While smell loss improves for many individuals who lost it due to COVID-19, the prevalence of parosmia and phantosmia increases substantially over time. Olfactory dysfunction is also associated with wider COVID-19 symptoms and may persist for many months after COVID-19 onset. Taste loss in the absence of smell loss is rare. Persistent qualitative smell symptoms are emerging as common long-term sequelae; more research into treatment options is strongly warranted given that conservative estimates suggest millions of individuals may experience parosmia following COVID-19. Healthcare providers worldwide need to be prepared to treat post COVID-19 secondary effects on physical and mental health.
Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 has played a decisive role in understanding the transmission and evolution of the virus during its emergence and continued circulation. However, limited genomic sampling in many high-incidence countries has impeded detailed studies of SARS-CoV-2 genomic epidemiology. Consequently, critical questions remain about the generation and global distribution of virus genetic diversity. To address this gap, we investigated SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics in Gujarat, India, during its first epidemic wave and shed light on virus9 spread in one of the pandemic9s hardest-hit regions. By integrating regional case data and 434 whole virus genome sequences sampled across 20 districts from March to July 2020, we reconstructed the epidemic dynamics and spatial spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Gujarat, India. Our findings revealed that global and regional connectivity, along with population density, were significant drivers of the Gujarat SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. The three most populous districts in Gujarat accounted ~84% of total cases during the first wave. Moreover, we detected over 100 virus lineage introductions, which were primarily associated with international travel. Within Gujarat, virus dissemination occurred predominantly from densely populated regions to geographically proximate locations with low-population density. Our findings suggest SARS-CoV-2 transmission follows a gravity model in India, with urban centres contributing disproportionately to onward virus spread.
Discrepancies exist in Cycle threshold (Ct) values during detection of SARS-CoV-2 by qRT-PCR. We demonstrate that Ct values depend on the position of the target gene in the viral genome. Simultaneous detection of five genes in positive samples revealed lower Ct values as we move further to the 3 end (orf1AB/RdRp>E>M>orf7a>N). These findings were confirmed in a retrospective analysis with 363 positive clinical samples. Our findings have key implications in clinical diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2, patient management and public health interventions.
Importance: SARS-CoV-2 viral trajectory has not been well-characterized in documented incident infections. These data will inform SARS-CoV-2 natural history, transmission dynamics, prevention practices, and therapeutic development. Objective: To prospectively characterize early SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding in persons with incident infection. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Secondary data analysis from a multicenter study in the U.S. Participants: The samples derived from a randomized controlled trial of 829 community-based asymptomatic participants recently exposed (<96 hours) to persons with SARS-CoV-2. Participants collected daily mid-turbinate swabs for SARS-CoV-2 detection by polymerase-chain-reaction and symptom diaries for 14-days. Persons with negative swab for SARS-CoV-2 at baseline who developed infection during the study were included in the analysis. Exposure: Laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Main outcomes and measures: The observed SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding characteristics were summarized and shedding trajectories were examined using a piece-wise linear mixed-effects modeling. Whole viral genome sequencing was performed on samples with cycle threshold (Ct)<34. Results: Ninety-seven persons (57% women, median age 37-years) developed incident infections during 14-days of follow-up. Two-hundred fifteen sequenced samples were assigned to 15 lineages that belonged to the G614 variant. Forty-two (43%), 18(19%), and 31(32%) participants had viral shedding for 1 day, 2-6 days, and >7 days, with median peak viral load Ct of 38.5, 36.7, and 18.3, respectively. Six (6%) participants had 1-6 days of observed viral shedding with censored duration. The peak average viral load was observed on day 3 of viral shedding. The average Ct value was lower, indicating higher viral load, in persons reporting COVID-19 symptoms than asymptomatic. Using the statistical model, the median time from shedding onset to peak viral load was 1.4 days followed by a median of 9.7 days before clearance. Conclusions and Relevance: Incident SARS-CoV-2 G614 infection resulted in a rapid viral load peak followed by slower decay and positive correlation between peak viral load and shedding duration; duration of shedding was heterogeneous. This longitudinal evaluation of the SARS-CoV-2 G614 variant with frequent molecular testing may serve as a reference for comparing emergent viral lineages to inform clinical trial designs and public health strategies to contain the spread of the virus.
Despite the success of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, there remains a need for more prevention and treatment options for individuals remaining at risk of COVID-19. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the viral spike protein have potential to both prevent and treat COVID-19, and reduce the risk of severe disease and death. Here, we describe AZD7442, a combination of two mAbs, AZD8895 (tixagevimab) and AZD1061 (cilgavimab), that simultaneously bind to distinct non- overlapping epitopes on the spike protein receptor binding domain to potently neutralize SARS-CoV-2. Initially isolated from individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, the two mAbs were designed to extend their half-lives and abrogate effector functions. The AZD7442 mAbs individually prevent the spike protein from binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor, blocking virus cell entry. Together, these two mAbs create a higher barrier to viral escape and a wider breadth of coverage, neutralizing all known SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. In a non-human primate model of SARS- CoV-2 infection, prophylactic AZD7442 administration prevented infection, while therapeutic administration accelerated virus clearance from lung. In an ongoing Phase I study in healthy participants (NCT04507256), 300 mg intramuscular AZD7442 provided SARS-CoV-2 serum geometric mean neutralizing titers >10-fold above those of convalescent sera for >=3 months, which remained 3-fold above those of convalescent sera 9 months post-AZD7442 administration. Approximately 1-2% of serum AZD7442 levels were detected in nasal mucosa, a site of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Extrapolation of the time course of serum AZD7442 concentrations suggests AZD7442 may provide up to 12 months of protection and benefit individuals at high-risk of COVID-19.
Background: On July 30, 2021, a third (booster) dose of the Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine was approved in Israel for individuals 60 years or older who had been fully vaccinated (i.e., received two doses) at least five months previously. Here, we estimate the reduction in relative risk for confirmed infection and severe COVID-19 provided by the booster dose. Methods: 1,144,690 individuals aged 60y and older who were eligible for a booster dose were followed between July 30 and August 22, 2021. We defined dynamic cohorts where individuals initially belong to the 9non-booster9 cohort, leave it when receiving the booster dose and join the 9booster9 cohort 12 days later. Rates of infection and severe COVID-19 outcomes per person-days at risk were compared between the cohorts using Poisson regression, adjusting for possible confounding factors. Results: Twelve days or more after the booster dose we found an 11.4-fold (95% CI: [10.0, 12.9]) decrease in the relative risk of confirmed infection, and a >10-fold decrease in the relative risk of severe illness. Under a conservative sensitivity analysis, we find ≈5-fold protection against confirmed infection. Conclusions: In conjunction with safety reports, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of a third vaccine dose in both reducing transmission and severe disease and indicates the great potential of curtailing the Delta variant resurgence by administering booster shots.
Background Several countries paused their rollouts of the Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine in mid-March 2021 due to concerns about vaccine-induced thrombosis and thrombocytopenia. Many warned that this risked damaging public confidence during a critical period of pandemic response. This study investigated whether the pause in the use of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine had an impact on subsequent vaccine uptake in European countries. Methods We used a difference-in-differences approach capitalizing on the fact that some countries halted their rollouts whilst others did not. A longitudinal panel was constructed for European Economic Area countries spanning 15 weeks in early 2021. Media reports were used to identify countries that paused the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine and the timing of this. Data on vaccine uptake were available through the European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Vaccine Tracker. Difference-in-differences linear regression models controlled for key confounders that could influence vaccine uptake, and country and week fixed effects. Further models and robustness checks were performed. Results The panel included 28 countries, with 19 in the intervention group and 9 in the control group. Pausing the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine was associated with a 0.52% decrease in uptake for the first dose of a COVID-19 vaccine and a 1.49% decrease in the uptake for both doses, comparing countries that paused to those that did not. These estimates are not statistically significant (p=0.86 and 0.39 respectively). For the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine only, the pause was associated with a 0.56% increase in uptake for the first dose and a 0.07% decrease in uptake for both doses. These estimates are also not statistically significant (p= 0.56 and 0.51 respectively). All our findings are robust to sensitivity analyses. Conclusion As new COVID-19 vaccines emerge, regulators should be cautious to deviate from usual protocols if further investigation on clinical or epidemiological grounds is warranted.
To control the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, CoronaVac (Sinovac), an inactivated vaccine, has been granted emergency use authorization by many countries. However, the underlying mechanisms of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine- induced immune response remain unclear, and little is known about its features compared to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we implemented single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to profile longitudinally collected PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) in six individuals immunized with CoronaVac and compared these to the profiles of COVID-19 infected patients from a Single Cell Consortium. Both inactivated vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 infection drove changes in immune cell type proportions, caused B cell activation and differentiation, and induced the expression of genes associated with antibody production in the plasma. The inactivated vaccine and SARS-COV-2 infection also caused alterations in peripheral immune activity such as interferon response, inflammatory cytokine expression, innate immune cell apoptosis and migration, effector T cell exhaustion and cytotoxicity, however, the magnitude of change was greater in COVID-19 patients, especially those with severe disease, than in immunized individuals. Further analyses revealed a distinct peripheral immune cell phenotype associated with CoronaVac immunization (HLA class II upregulation and IL21R upregulation in naive B cells) versus SARS-CoV-2 infection (HLA class II downregulation and IL21R downregulation in naive B cells severe disease). There were also differences in the expression of important genes associated with proinflammatory cytokines and thrombosis. In conclusion, this study provides a single-cell atlas of the systemic immune response to CoronaVac immunization and reveals distinct immune responses between inactivated vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 infection.
The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has seen an unprecedented amount of rapidly generated genome data. These data have revealed the emergence of lineages with mutations associated to transmissibility and antigenicity, known as variants of concern (VOCs). A striking aspect of VOCs is that many of them involve an unusually large number of defining mutations. Current phylogenetic estimates of the evolutionary rate of SARS-CoV-2 suggest that its genome accrues around 2 mutations per month. However, VOCs can have around 15 defining mutations and it is hypothesised that they emerged over the course of a few months, implying that they must have evolved faster for a period of time. We analysed genome sequence data from the GISAID database to assess whether the emergence of VOCs can be attributed to changes in the evolutionary rate of the virus and whether this pattern can be detected at a phylogenetic level using genome data. We fit a range of molecular clock models and assessed their statistical fit. Our analyses indicate that the emergence of VOCs is driven by an episodic increase in the evolutionary rate of around 4-fold the background phylogenetic rate estimate that may have lasted several weeks or months. These results underscore the importance of monitoring the molecular evolution of the virus as a means of understanding the circumstances under which VOCs may emerge.
High-dose Intravenous Vitamin C (HDIVC) as Adjuvant Therapy in Critical Patients With Positive COVID-19. A Pilot Randomized Controlled Dose-comparison Trial. - Condition: Covid19
Interventions: Drug: High doses of intravenous vitamin C; Drug: Dextrose 500 mL
Sponsor: Hugo Galindo
Not yet recruiting
A Study of PF-07321332/Ritonavir in Non-hospitalized Low-Risk Adult Participants With COVID-19 - Condition: COVID-19
Interventions: Drug: PF-07321332; Drug: Ritonavir; Drug: Placebo
Sponsor: Pfizer
Not yet recruiting
Developing and Testing a COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance Intervention - Condition: COVID-19 Vaccination
Intervention: Behavioral: Moving to COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Intervention
Sponsors: VA Office of Research and Development; VA Bedford Healthcare System
Not yet recruiting
Andrographis Paniculata vs Boesenbergia Rotunda vs Control in Asymptomatic COVID-19 - Condition: Covid19
Interventions: Drug: Andrographis Paniculata; Drug: Boesenbergia; Other: Standard supportive treatment
Sponsors: Mahidol University; Ministry of Health, Thailand
Not yet recruiting
Enhancing COVID Rehabilitation With Technology - Condition: Covid19
Interventions: Behavioral: NexJ Connected Wellness; Other: Usual Care
Sponsors: University of Ottawa; Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR); Ottawa Hospital Research Institute
Not yet recruiting
Phase I/II Clinical Trial of Recombinant COVID-19 Vaccine (Sf9 Cells) in Children and Adolescents - Condition: COVID-19
Interventions: Biological: Recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (Sf9 cells); Other: Placebo control
Sponsors: WestVac Biopharma Co., Ltd.; West China Hospital
Not yet recruiting
Treatment of Covid-19 With a Herbal Compound, Xagrotin - Condition: Covid19
Intervention: Combination Product: Xagrotin
Sponsors:
Biomad AS; Directorate of health of Sulaimani, Iraq -KRG
Completed
Philippine Trial to Determine Efficacy and Safety of Favipiravir for COVID-19 - Condition: Covid19
Interventions: Combination Product: Favipiravir + Standard of Care; Procedure: Standard of Care
Sponsors: University of the Philippines; Department of Health, Philippines
Recruiting
Evaluation of the Effects of Bradykinin Antagonists on Pulmonary Manifestations of COVID-19 Infections (AntagoBrad- Cov Study). - Condition: Covid19
Interventions: Drug: C1 Inhibitor Human; Drug: Icatibant Injection; Other: Placebo
Sponsor: GCS Ramsay Santé pour l’Enseignement et la Recherche
Completed
Evaluation of Safety and Immunogenicity of a Novel Vaccine for Prevention of Covid-19 in Adults Previously Immunized - Condition: Covid19
Intervention: Biological: A vaccine composed of a recombinant S1 antigen
Sponsors: Hospital do Coracao; Farmacore Biotecnologia Ltda
Withdrawn
Phase 3 Clinical Study Evaluating Nitric Oxide Nasal Spray (NONS) Efficacy To Treat and Prevent the Exacerbation of Infection in Individuals With Documented Asymptomatic or Mild COVID-19 - Condition: Covid19
Intervention: Drug: to be given as a treatment
Sponsor:
Salmaniya Medical Complex
Recruiting
Evolution of Protective Immunization Against COVID-19 Among Hospital Workers in Health Care Facilities - Condition: Covid19
Intervention: Other: Blood sample
Sponsor:
Assistance Publique Hopitaux De Marseille
Recruiting
Comparison of Detection of SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19) Between Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimens and Those Obtained by Salivary Sputum - Condition: Covid19
Intervention: Diagnostic Test: Salivary test for COVID19
Sponsor: Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne
Active, not recruiting
Menstrual Blood Stem Cells in Severe Covid-19 - Conditions: Covid19; Cytokine Storm
Interventions: Biological: Allogeneic human menstrual blood stem cells secretome; Other: Intravenous saline injection
Sponsors: Avicenna Research Institute; Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Completed
A Study to Evaluate Immunogenicity and Safety of MVC-COV1901 Compared With AZD1222 Against COVID-19 in Adults - Condition: Covid19 Vaccine
Interventions: Biological: MVC-COV1901; Biological: AZD1222
Sponsor: Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corp.
Not yet recruiting
Youth Relationships in the Era of COVID-19: A Mixed-Methods Study Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Kenya - CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 disrupted adolescent girls’ and young women’s romantic relationships, depriving some of partner emotional support and exposing others to sexual violence, early pregnancy, and economically motivated transactional relationships. Increased social support systems, including access to psychosocial services, are needed in low-income communities in Kilifi, Kisumu, and Nairobi, in particular the informal settlement areas, to mitigate COVID-19’s consequences on girls’ SRH.
Proteflazid effectiveness for prevention and treatment of acute viral respiratory infections in the conditions of COVID-19 - CONCLUSIONS: The statistical analysis confirmed the effectiveness of the drug Proteflazid® for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, as, when compared with official actual data, regarding the main indicators of the incidence of COVID-19: there were no fatalities; the average treatment period decreased (1.8 times); the proportion of recovered increased (at least 1.5 times); the proportion of sick medical workers in the total population of sick medical workers decreased (2.2 times); the…
The highly protective natural medical agents against COVID-19 - CONCLUSION: This study is the first in terms of reducing the harmful effect of COVID-19 by providing effective results in a short time by guiding the experimental studies to reveal the inhibitory effect of COVID-19 (Tab. 3, Fig. 5, Ref. 25). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: COVID-19, Carvacrol, docking Cucurbitacin-E and I.
Structure-based design of antisense oligonucleotides that inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication - Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are an emerging class of drugs that target RNAs. Current ASO designs strictly follow the rule of Watson-Crick base pairing along target sequences. However, RNAs often fold into structures that interfere with ASO hybridization. Here we developed a structure-based ASO design method and applied it to target severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Our method makes sure that ASO binding is compatible with target structures in three-dimensional…
Evidence of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in domestic cats living with owners with a history of COVID-19 in Lima - Peru - SARS-CoV-2 can infect a variety of wild and domestic animals worldwide. Of these, domestic cats are highly susceptible species and potential viral reservoirs. As such, it is important to investigate disease exposure in domestic cats in areas with active community transmission and high disease prevalence. In this report we demonstrate the presence of serum neutralizing antibodies against the receptor binding-domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 in cats whose owners had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 in…
COVID-19 and the Role of Stem Cells - There is currently an ongoing coronavirus respiratory disease (COVID-19) pandemic that is caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, which emerged out of Wuhan, China. In severe cases, the disease can progress to respiratory distress, hypoxia, and multi-organ failure, all of which are associated with high mortality. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess potent and broad-ranging immunomodulatory activities. MSCs have demonstrated their impressive ability to inhibit lung damage, reduce inflammation, attenuate…
Immunological evaluation of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in rhesus macaques - Because of the relatively limited understanding of COVID-19 pathogenesis, immunological analysis for vaccine development is needed. Mice and macaques were immunized with an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine prepared by two inactivators. Various immunological indexes were tested, and viral challenges were performed on day 7 or 150 after booster immunization in monkeys. This inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was produced by sequential inactivation with formaldehyde followed by propiolactone. The various…
Epigallocatechin gallate from green tea effectively blocks infection of SARS-CoV-2 and new variants by inhibiting spike binding to ACE2 receptor - CONCLUSIONS: These data support further clinical evaluation and development of EGCG as a novel, safe, and cost-effective natural product for prevention/treatment of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and infection.
Updated pharmacological effects of Lonicerae japonicae flos, with a focus on its potential efficacy on coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) - Lonicerae japonicae flos (LJF), known as Jin Yin Hua in Chinese, is one of the most commonly used traditional Chinese herbs and nutraceuticals. Nowadays, LJF is broadly applied in an array of afflictions, such as fever, sore throat, flu infection, cough, and arthritis, with the action mechanism to be elucidated. Here, we strove to summarize the main phytochemical components of LJF and review its updated pharmacological effects, including inhibition of inflammation, pyrexia, viruses, and…
SARS-CoV-2 spike promotes inflammation and apoptosis through autophagy by ROS-suppressed PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling - BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection-induced inflammatory responses are largely responsible for the death of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. However, the mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 triggers inflammatory responses remains unclear. Here, we aimed to explore the regulatory role of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in infected cells and attempted to elucidate the molecular mechanism of SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammation.
An Automated Culture System for Use in Preclinical Testing of Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis - Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), was the most significant infectious disease killer globally until the advent of COVID-19. Mtb has evolved to persist in its intracellular environment, evade host defenses, and has developed resistance to many anti-tubercular drugs. One approach to solving resistance is identifying existing approved drugs that will boost the host immune response to Mtb. These drugs could then be repurposed as adjunctive host-directed…
The Use of Lectins as Tools to Combat SARS-CoV-2 - CONCLUSION: even with the development of effective vaccines, new cases of viral infection with the same virus, or new outbreaks with different viruses can occur; so, the development of new treatments should not be discarded. moreover, the discussions made in this work are relevant regarding the anti-viral properties of lectins.
In vivo active organometallic-containing antimycotic agents - Fungal infections represent a global problem, notably for immunocompromised patients in hospital, COVID-19 patient wards and care home settings, and the ever-increasing emergence of multidrug resistant fungal strains is a sword of Damocles hanging over many healthcare systems. Azoles represent the mainstay of antifungal drugs, and their mode of action involves the binding mode of these molecules to the fungal lanosterol 14α-demethylase target enzyme. In this study, we have prepared and…
A computational study on hydroxychloroquine binding to target proteins related to SARS-COV-2 infection - COVID-19 disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has posed a global health emergency. Repurposing of existing drugs can be a rapid and effective strategy to fight the infection. Clinical trials have reported reduction or elimination of viral load when patients were treated with the anti-malarial drug Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). To understand the molecular mechanism of action for effective repurposing of this drug we have carried out in silico…
Evaluation of a multi-species SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus neutralization test - Assays to measure SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibodies are important to monitor seroprevalence, to study asymptomatic infections and to reveal (intermediate) hosts. A recently developed assay, the surrogate virus- neutralization test (sVNT) is a quick and commercially available alternative to the “gold standard” virus neutralization assay using authentic virus, and does not require processing at BSL-3 level. The assay relies on the inhibition of binding of the receptor binding domain (RBD)…
Anti-Sars-Cov-2 Neutralizing Antibodies - - link
Expression Vector for Anti-Sars-Cov-2 Neutralizing Antibodies - - link
DEVELOPMENT OF CNN SCHEME FOR COVID-19 DISEASE DETECTION USING CHEST RADIOGRAPH - - link
SARS-COV-2 BINDING PROTEINS - - link
A PROCESS FOR PREPARING MONTELUKAST SODIUM FOR TREATING COVID 19 PATIENTS - - link
IDENTIFICATION OF ANTI-COVID 19 AGENT SOMNIFERINE AS INHIBITOR OF MPRO & ACE2-RBD INTERACTION - - link
Deep Learning Based System For Detection of Covid-19 Disease of Patient At Infection Risk. - - link
鼠抗新型冠状病毒N蛋白杂交瘤细胞株，单克隆抗体及应用 - 本发明提供两株鼠抗新型冠状病毒N蛋白杂交瘤细胞株，单克隆抗体及应用，通过小鼠杂交瘤单克隆抗体筛选及RT‑PCR法克隆Ig可变区基因，获得稳定分泌抗新型冠状病毒N蛋白抗体的杂交瘤细胞株及其可变区序列，并用ELISA方式对抗体结合特异性进行了鉴定，为抗新型冠状病毒N蛋白基因工程抗体的研发奠定了基础；该鼠源性新型冠状病毒N蛋白单克隆抗体与新型冠状病毒N蛋白反应高效价，且结合特异性强，可用于新型冠状病毒N蛋白的检测，以该抗体为原料开发的检测试剂盒具备很好的临床应用价值。 - link
자외선살균등 - 본 발명은 사람의 의복이나 사용한 마스크 등에 부착하여 있다 호흡기로 유입되어 감염을 유발할 수 있는 COVID-19와 같은 유해균류를 간편하게 살균하기 위한 휴대용 자와선살균등에 관한 것이다. 반감기가 길고 인체에 유해한 오존을 발생하지 않으면서 탁월한 살균능력이 있는 250~265nm(최적은 253.7nm) 파장의 자외선을 발광하는 자외선램프를 본 발명의 막대형의 자외선살균등 광원으로 사용하고 비광원부를 손으로 잡고 의복이나 사용한 마스크 등 유해균류가 부착되었을 것으로 의심되는 곳에 자외선을 조사하여 간편하게 유해균류를 살균하므로써 감염을 예방하기 위한 휴대용 자외선살균등에 관함 것이다. - link
图像识别方法、装置、电子设备和计算机可读存储介质 - 本发明实施例公开了一种图像识别方法、装置、电子设备和计算机可读存储介质；本发明实施例在获取人脸图像样本后，对人脸图像样本进行空间特征提取，并基于提取出的图像特征和人脸标签信息对预设人脸识别模型进行训练，得到训练后人脸识别模型，然后，对图像特征进行域特征提取，得到人脸图像样本的类别特征，然后，基于类别特征和类别标签信息确定人脸图像样本的特征分类结果，然后，根据特征分类结果与训练后人脸识别模型进行修正，并采用修正后人脸识别模型对待识别人脸图像进行识别；该方案可以提升图像识别的效率。 - link